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RO (Reverse Osmosis) - simply
expressed, is a specific process that employs the use of semi-permeable
membranes for the desalting of water. Brackish well water is pumped from
wells and pressurized to be applied to these membranes. The membrane's
microscopic pore size allows water molecules to pass through, but not salt
molecules. This method desalts the water by separating the fresh water
from the brackish source water.
Ion Exchange - process of
removing calcium & magnesium ions and exchanging or replacing them
by other ions such as sodium. Since these ions have positive charge, they
are called "cat ions" and the ion exchange process therefore can also be
termed as "cat ion exchange.